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Qwen3 Technical Report

An Yang, Anfeng Li, Baosong Yang

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Beichen Zhang, Binyuan Hui, Bo Zheng, Bowen Yu, Chang Gao, Chengen Huang, Chenxu Lv, Chujie Zheng, Dayiheng Liu, Fan Zhou, Fei Huang, Feng Hu, Hao Ge, Haoran Wei, Huan Lin, Jialong Tang, Jian Yang, Jianhong Tu, Jianwei Zhang, Jianxin Yang, Jiaxi Yang, Jing Zhou, Jingren Zhou, Junyang Lin, Kai Dang, Keqin Bao, Kexin Yang, Le Yu, Lianghao Deng, Mei Li, Mingfeng Xue, Mingze Li, Pei Zhang, Peng Wang, Qin Zhu, Rui Men, Ruize Gao, Shixuan Liu, Shuang Luo, Tianhao Li, Tianyi Tang, Wenbiao Yin, Xingzhang Ren, Xinyu Wang, Xinyu Zhang, Xuancheng Ren, Yang Fan, Yang Su, Yichang Zhang, Yinger Zhang, Yu Wan, Yuqiong Liu, Zekun Wang, Zeyu Cui, Zhenru Zhang, Zhipeng Zhou, Zihan Qiu

2025 · arXiv

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From the abstract

In this work, we present Qwen3, the latest version of the Qwen model family. Qwen3 comprises a series of large language models (LLMs) designed to advance performance, efficiency, and multilingual capabilities. The Qwen3 series includes models of both dense and Mixture-of-Expert (MoE) architectures, with parameter scales ranging from 0.6 to 235 billion. A key innovation in Qwen3 is the integration of thinking mode (for complex, multi-step reasoning) and non-thinking mode (for rapid, context-driven responses) into a unified framework. This eliminates the need to switch between different models--such as chat-optimized models (e.g., GPT-4o) and dedicated reasoning models (e.g., QwQ-32B)--and enables dynamic mode switching based on user queries or chat templates. Meanwhile, Qwen3 introduces a thinking budget mechanism, allowing users to allocate computational resources adaptively during inference, thereby balancing latency and performance based on task complexity. Moreover, by leveraging the knowledge from the flagship models, we significantly reduce the computational resources required to build smaller-scale models, while ensuring their highly competitive performance. Empirical evaluations demonstrate that Qwen3 achieves state-of-the-art results across diverse benchmarks, including tasks in code generation, mathematical reasoning, agent tasks, etc., competitive against larger MoE models and proprietary models. Compared to its predecessor Qwen2.5, Qwen3 expands multilingual support from 29 to 119 languages and dialects, enhancing global accessibility through improved cross-lingual understanding and generation capabilities. To facilitate reproducibility and community-driven research and development, all Qwen3 models are publicly accessible under Apache 2.0.

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3 selected excerpts · 3 total mentions

neongreen
Neutral mention · rule
Sounds similar to Qwen3 but the exact opposite: "stopping thinking before a natural termination" https://arxiv.org/pdf/2505.09388 > Thinking Budget. An additional advantage of Thinking Mode Fusion is that, once the model learns to respond in both non-thinking and thinking modes, it naturally develops the ability to handle intermediate cases—generating responses based on incomplete thinking. This capability lays the foundation for implementing budget control over the model’s thinking process. Specifically, when the length of the model’s thinking reaches a user-defined threshold, we manually halt the thinking process and insert the stop-thinking instruction: “Considering the limited time by the user, I have to give the solution based on the thinking directly now.\n</think>.\n\n”. ^-^
virgildotcodes
Neutral mention · rule
> Synthetic training data is carefully crafted by humans. Much, if not the majority of synthetic data is AI generated. Human experts then evaluate samples of the data, but nothing like the entire corpus which can be trillions of tokens of generated material. See here where Qwen team discusses synthesizing trillions of tokens for their pre training dataset - https://arxiv.org/html/2505.09388v1 > The rare geniuses of human history use a different magnitude and configuration of the same kind of human intelligence I agree. What I don’t see any strong evidence for is that this intelligence is unique to humans. Nor do I see how it could ever be anything other than…
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recombinations of existing data with random mutation. Where else would the building blocks for each invention come from, divine insight? We build on the shoulders of giants etc etc Worth noting, as a sidebar, that we’re having this discussion on a post mentioning a novel breakthrough made by AI over a topic that many brilliant human mathematicians including Erdos himself failed to do. > Regardless of whether something's been done before people still come up with them on their own without directly copying or amalgamating several copies. I’m not even saying it in the “there’s nothing new under the sun” sense. If you follow an average person’s day from beginning to end. Let’s say in Bangkok or NYC or Paris, at which part of the day are they not simply repeating a variation of something they’ve done many times before, or seen others around them do before, or read about others doing before, or heard about others doing before, watched others do before on TV etc etc What you have left, how is it distinguishable, without reasoning backwards from the desired conclusion of human exceptionalism, from turning up the temperature on an LLM query? How many data points does a human parse when they attempt to stand up as a toddler? Sight, sound, sensation from every limb and body part, inner ear, internal thought processes at the time conscious and unconscious related to the moment and attempting to interpret it in relation to all that it’s experienced to this point, including all prior attempts and whatever retained associated data, a hard to even comprehend stream of data, coming in continuously over however many minutes, hours, etc of attempts. The stream of data the brain is processing from both external and internal sources from birth is incredibly rich, and if we attempted to represent the full depth of it it would far outweigh the size of any corpus models are being trained on now. I think what may be genuinely missing from AI is the type of data that doesn’t translate completely into text. The audio and images/video we feed in are a totally incomplete slice of the POV of say even a single average human through their lifetime, and bereft of all the associated data a human has access to in the moment (sensory etc). I think this tends more towards the world models that Yann Lecun et al are promoting as the key to more capable AI.
magicalhippo
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From what I've gathered, they've been mostly training limited. Better training methods and cleaner training data allows smaller models to rival or outperform larger models training with older methods and lower-quality training data. For example, the Qwen3 technical report[1] says that the Qwen3 models are architecturally very similar to Qwen2.5, with the main change being a tweak in the attention layers to stabilize training. And if you compare table 1 in Qwen3 paper with table 1 in Qwen 2.5 technical report[2], the layer count, attention configuration and such is very similar. Yet Qwen3 was widely regarded as a significant upgrade to Qwen2.5. However, for training, they…
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doubled the pre-training token count, and tripled the number of languages. It's been shown that training on more languages can actually help LLMs generalize better. They used Qwen2.5 VL and Qwen 2.5 to generate additional training data by parsing a large number PDFs and turning them into high quality training tokens. They improved their annotation so they could more effectively provide diverse training tokens to the model, improving training efficiency. They continued this trend with Qwen3.5, where even more and better training data[3] made their Qwen3.5-397B-A17B model match the 1T-parameter Qwen3-Max-Base. That said there's also been a lot of work on model architecture[4], getting more speed and quality per parameter. In the case of Qwen3-Next architecture which 3.5 is based on, that means such things as hybrid attention for faster long-context operation, and sparse MoE and multi-token prediction for less compute per output token. I used Qwen as an example here, from what I gather they're just an example of the general trend. [1]: https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.09388 [2]: https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.15115 [3]: https://qwen.ai/blog?id=qwen3.5 [4]: https://qwen.ai/blog?id=4074cca80393150c248e508aa62983f9cb7d...

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