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People cannot distinguish GPT-4 from a human in a Turing test

Cameron R. Jones, Benjamin K. Bergen

2024 · arXiv

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From the abstract

We evaluated 3 systems (ELIZA, GPT-3.5 and GPT-4) in a randomized, controlled, and preregistered Turing test. Human participants had a 5 minute conversation with either a human or an AI, and judged whether or not they thought their interlocutor was human. GPT-4 was judged to be a human 54% of the time, outperforming ELIZA (22%) but lagging behind actual humans (67%). The results provide the first robust empirical demonstration that any artificial system passes an interactive 2-player Turing test. The results have implications for debates around machine intelligence and, more urgently, suggest that deception by current AI systems may go undetected. Analysis of participants' strategies and reasoning suggests that stylistic and socio-emotional factors play a larger role in passing the Turing test than traditional notions of intelligence.

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12 selected excerpts · 12 total mentions

meinersbur
Neutral mention · rule
Since ELIZA, the more we try to apply the Turing Test, the more evidence we get that the Turing Test about human gullibility, rather than saying anything meaningful about the machine [1,2]. Surprisingly it turns out that even critical thinker Richard Dawkins is quite gullible. [1] https://medium.com/@innovariart/the-turing-test-no-longer-me... [2] https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.08007
stared
Neutral mention · rule
It is interesting that now to pretend you are a human, you need to play dumb. Vide superstimuli for AI (maths and philosophy) and humans (clickbaits and scams) https://x.com/repligate/status/1830331774875893925 or a prompt for "People cannot distinguish GPT-4 from a human in a Turing test" https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.08007.
coldtea
Neutral mention · rule
>Not even close. "Neural networks" in code are nothing like real neurons in real biology Hence the simplified. The weights encoding learning and inteconnectedness and nonlinear activation and distributed representation of knowledge is already an approximation, even if the human architecture is different and more elaborate. Whether the omitted parts are essential or not, is debatable. “Equations of motion are nothing like real planets" either, but they capture enough to predict and model their motion. >The "turing test" doesn't exist. Turing talked about a thought experiment in the very early days of "artificial minds". It is not a real experiment. It is not a real…
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singural experiment protocol, but it's a well enough defined experimental scenario which for over half a century, it was kept as the benchmark of recognition of artificial intelligence, not by laymen (lol) but by major figures in AI research as well, figures like Minsky, McCarthy and others engaged with it. That researchers haven't done Turing-test studies (taking the setup from turing and even called them that) is patently false. Including openly testing LLMs: https://aclanthology.org/2024.naacl-long.290/ https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2313925121 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2503.23674 https://arxiv.org/pdf/2407.08853 https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.08007 https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S295016282...
acdha
Neutral mention · rule
This is the best one I’ve seen but it has the notable caveat that it’s a relatively short 5 minute chat session: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2405.08007 I do think we’re going to see this shift as AI systems become more commonplace and people become more practiced at recognizing the distinction between polished text and understanding.
falcor84
Neutral mention · rule
As far as I understand, Turing himself did not specify a duration, but here's an example paper that ran a randomized study on (the old) GPT 4 with a 5 minute duration, and the AI passed with flying colors - https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.08007 From my experience, AI has significantly improved since, and I expect that ChatGPT o3 or Claude 4 Opus would pass a 30 minute test.
tripletao
Neutral mention · rule
This appears to be the same two authors who reported that "People cannot distinguish GPT-4 from a human in a Turing test" back in May 2024: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2405.08007 That earlier result was because they botched the statistics, changing the test so it's no longer a binary comparison but still analyzing as if it was. They seem to have fixed that now, perhaps in response to reviewer feedback. This new preprint is the best LLM Turing test I've seen so far. That said, their humans sure don't seem to be trying very hard. The most effective interrogator strategies ("jailbreak" and "strange") were also the least used. I don't think any of these models can fool a skilled human who's paying attention, though there's still practical use for a model that can fool an unskilled human who isn't (scams, etc.).
robkop
Neutral mention · rule
Ahh, there's a bug with the z-index on the Turing one (I made it a "legendary card" for surviving 70 year), will fix shortly. Here's the link for the moment: https://arxiv.org/pdf/2405.08007 Also if you want to read the original Turing paper (it was interesting to look back upon, I think the future of benchmarks may look a lot more like the Turing test): https://courses.cs.umbc.edu/471/papers/turing.pdf
ben_w
Neutral mention · rule
Capabilities vs. "is this a good idea?" — seems like you're saying two things, one of which I strongly agree with and the other I strongly disagree with. On "should we": I agree completely. I've previously made a similar example with sociopaths, when people are incredulous as to the risks of an un-aligned AI. I've also previously averred that the first time we attempt a brain upload, we're likely to know so little about how our minds function that the upload will have every possible mental health disorder simultaneously, including many that we've got no words for because they're incompatible with life. On capabilities: > But I want human teachers behaving truly human to…
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students, not something that can act "disturbingly capable of emotions" or fake it. If you can't tell, does it matter? Students have been learning from increasingly capable simulacra of human intelligence and emotion since no later than the invention of writing, possibly even earlier with art. LLMs are good enough to be interesting, and good enough to fool a lot of people a lot of the time, even if last year's models weren't passing Turing test scenarios where people were actively looking for them. (But also, in those tests, humans rated other humans as human only 2/3rds of the time: https://arxiv.org/html/2405.08007v1). Although the newer models are generally better, I don't want to claim if they're specifically, at this task, better than the old models — still, that's how close they were on the only formal test I know of, rather than the mere vibes of listening to them synthesising a voice and me being surprised they'll um and err now. > AGI is nowhere near this (and there's no good definition of what AGI is, anyway). I made the parenthetical point myself. LLMs, however, are absolutely there. Think of it this way: neither one of us can tell by the other's words that the other is not an LLM, all we can do is trust because we're on a forum where it would be rude to use one. > whether the sociopath can pass knowledge well and can fake as if they had normal human emotions won't sway my opinion. Sure, but you also wouldn't be able to determine if you're looking at a sociopath or someone with normal human emotions. > Real human connection is what makes us human. Para-social relationships say otherwise. Fictional characters, let alone the actors portraying them. The electoral popularity of sociopaths in democracies. Shallow demagogues. Art from generations long-dead. These things give the illusion of a real connection — to the extent there's any connection, it's all one-directional. > AIs are not human by definition. Therefore, AIs cannot replace humans in those situations where human connection matters. (Parenthetically: would an uploaded human mind, count as human? I don't know). But it doesn't matter if they're human or not. Dogs and cats often provide a similar connection (both growing up as a companion, and a being to look after as an adult, though the dog owners I know really don't like anyone treating dogs as "fur babies"), as do TV shows: to the extent that the "connection" part matters, it doesn't need to be human; to the extent that the "human" part matters, it doesn't have to be real. > And we shouldn't want them to either, because otherwise what's the point of existence? Asimov's fictional planet of Solaria was a dystopia, not something to aspire to. The trouble with fiction is that it's as much of a shallow echo as current LLMs themselves: yes, it can produce an emotional affect, but for every Asimovian Solaria there's a Banks' Culture where the AI have us thrive. Both are unsound examples upon which to base actual expectations: even if we happen to develop down one or other of those paths, they are written to be interesting not plausible, and the similarity is mere coincidence. > [1] or the pop culture understanding of them, anyway. Let's not get caught up in definitions. I tend to agree, though I feel there's an irony here somewhere — shared human connection on the basis of common understanding of a shared meme about the mental processes of a sub-group of humans that's being Othered in the same way as LLMs… but I can't put it into words. And it would be super ironic to ask an LLM to try to do so for me, so I won't. -- Don't mistake the map for the territory; but also don't forget you can learn the territory from the map. Any given AI may be a mere simulacra, a P-zombie mimicking our inner world without having one of its own, but that doesn't mean the model isn't good enough to learn from.
tripletao
Neutral mention · rule
> The setup Turing describes isn't the "both must sum to 100%" setup you're presenting. He has two different games being played [...] Turing introduces the game as a man imitating a woman, then modifies it to a machine imitating a human. In both of those games, the interrogator makes a binary choice between two witnesses, one real and one imitating. So P(imitator-judged-real) and P(real-judged-real) sum to 100% in both games. So in both games, a score of 50% means the imitator and the real witness are indistinguishable. I believe that's the reason why a score of 50% is treated as significant. The "GPT-4 passes Turing test" paper uses that number as a pass threshold, and…
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the linked site repeats it. I'm complaining that the paper changed the game so it's no longer a binary choice, but continued to treat the 50% threshold as significant. Do you see why that's wrong? Or do you disagree? I'm not saying that any change to Turing's formulation would be bad, just that the paper's variation is specifically bad. It would be bad in isolation too, but I believe the reason for their confusion is most understandable with reference to Turing's original formulation. If you haven't read that paper then we're probably talking past each other. The link to that one also looks broken in the site, but it's also in the source, https://arxiv.org/pdf/2405.08007
ben_w
Neutral mention · rule
> Noticed how everyone dropped the Turing Test like a hot potato as the gold standard for intelligence, the moment it became apparent that LLMs were about to pass it? Try to find a recent high-profile article invoking the Turing Test. Crickets. The intellectual dishonesty is nauseating. Not quite that bad, but I hear you. https://arxiv.org/html/2405.08007v1

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