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Responses to Critiques on Machine Learning of Criminality Perceptions (Addendum of arXiv:1611.04135)

Xiaolin Wu, Xi Zhang

2016 · arXiv

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From the abstract

In November 2016 we submitted to arXiv our paper "Automated Inference on Criminality Using Face Images". It generated a great deal of discussions in the Internet and some media outlets. Our work is only intended for pure academic discussions; how it has become a media consumption is a total surprise to us. Although in agreement with our critics on the need and importance of policing AI research for the general good of the society, we are deeply baffled by the ways some of them mispresented our work, in particular the motive and objective of our research.

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oldgradstudent
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> The moment he stepped back on U.S. soil, he delivered a lecture titled “The Fallacy of Phrenology,” where he attacked the notion that head shape and size dictates the relative intelligence of different racial groups. But what if phrenology was based on machine learning? https://arxiv.org/abs/1611.04135v1 > Also, we find some discriminating structural features for predicting criminality, such as lip curvature, eye inner corner distance, and the so-called nose-mouth angle. /s
dvfjsdhgfv
Neutral mention · rule
There is a sea of difference between the Chinese paper and the other two you mentioned. The Chinese were very straightforward: can we identify facial traits that are more present in criminals? To a certain degree, they answer positively by saying there is a greater variation in facial traits in criminals than in the rest of the population. Of course there was a lot of criticism of their methodology (to which they answered [0]). The first article you mentioned describes the bias of eyewitnesses related to stereotyped "criminal look". But the researchers are very clear: "Further research is needed to identify the features that are associated with the criminal stereotype and…
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how they affect lineup decision processes. The specific elements associated with criminal face stereotypes have not yet been identified." The second article deals with our interpretation of certain traits (which, in this case, are listed) and it's careful not to imply these traits are actually related to criminality. On the contrary: "such evaluations could inappropriately influence decision making in criminal identification lineups. Hence, additional research is needed to discover whether and how people can avoid making evaluations regarding criminality from a person’s facial appearance". [0] https://arxiv.org/abs/1611.04135
mattkrause
Neutral mention · rule
Explain the mechanism, please. It seems wildly implausible to me that someone's facial features change (let alone in a predictable way) once they've committed a crime. However, I can easily imagine this "working" by keying off things like age/race/gender, which will get you a value that's "better than chance" but isn't, really. Ditto for differences in the photos; nobody smiles in a mugshot, after all. (And yes, I know about the paper purporting to show this [https://arxiv.org/pdf/1611.04135.pdf] I just think it's ridiculous)
YeGoblynQueenne
Neutral mention · rule
Oh, this has been done before: Automated Inference on Criminality using Face Images, Wu & Zhang, 2016, Arxiv. https://arxiv.org/pdf/1611.04135v2.pdf Deep Neural Networks Are More Accurate Than Humans at Detecting Sexual Orientation From Facial Images, Kosinski & Wang, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 2018. https://www.gsb.stanford.edu/faculty-research/publications/d... Scientists Have Created an AI That Judges You by Your Looks, futurism.com. https://futurism.com/scientists-have-created-an-ai-that-judg... When artificial intelligence judges a beauty contest, white people win, qz.com. https://qz.com/774588/artificial-intelligence-judged-a-beaut...
panarky
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As a proof of concept, we have downloaded the pictures of 7000 corporate executives whose LinkedIn profiles suggest they work for financial organizations, and then averaged their faces to produce generalized white collar criminal subjects unique to each high risk zone. Future efforts will allow us to predict white collar criminality through real-time facial analysis. I'm guessing that's a riff on this? https://arxiv.org/pdf/1611.04135v1.pdf (Automated Inference on Criminality using Face Images) Too bad there haven't been enough arrests of financial criminals to get actual mugshots.

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