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The Impact of AI on Developer Productivity: Evidence from GitHub Copilot

Sida Peng, Eirini Kalliamvakou, Peter Cihon, Mert Demirer

2023 · arXiv

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From the abstract

Generative AI tools hold promise to increase human productivity. This paper presents results from a controlled experiment with GitHub Copilot, an AI pair programmer. Recruited software developers were asked to implement an HTTP server in JavaScript as quickly as possible. The treatment group, with access to the AI pair programmer, completed the task 55.8% faster than the control group. Observed heterogenous effects show promise for AI pair programmers to help people transition into software development careers.

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aspenmartin
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That's why I gave you data! METR study was 16 people using Sonnet 3.5/3.7. Data I'm talking about is 10s of thousands of people and is much more up to date. Some counter examples to METR that are in the literature but I'll just say: "rigor" here is very difficult (including METR) because outcomes are high dimensional and nuanced, or ecological validity is an issue. It's hard to have any approach that someone wouldn't be able to dismiss due to some issue they have with the methodology. The sources below also have methodological problems just like METR https://arxiv.org/pdf/2302.06590 -- 55% faster implementing HTTP server in javascript with copilot (in 2023!) but this is a…
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single task and not really representative. https://demirermert.github.io/Papers/Demirer_AI_productivity... -- "Though each experiment is noisy, when data is combined across three experiments and 4,867 developers, our analysis reveals a 26.08% increase (SE: 10.3%) in completed tasks among developers using the AI tool. Notably, less experienced developers had higher adoption rates and greater productivity gains." (but e.g. "completed tasks" as the outcome measure is of course problematic) To me, internal company measures for large tech companies will be most reliable -- they are easiest to track and measure, the scale is large enough, and the talent + task pool is diverse (junior -> senior, different product areas, different types of tasks). But then outcome measures are always a problem...commits per developer per month? LOC? task completion time? all of them are highly problematic, especially because its reasonable to expect AI tools would change the bias and variance of the proxy so its never clear if you're measuring the change in "style" or the change in the underlying latent measure of productivity you care about
keeda
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There are more studies out there, but here are a couple I know of offhand, showing a 25% to 55% boost. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4945566 https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.06590 The METR study that you're likely talking about had a lot of nuances that don't get talked about, not to mention outright concerns e.g. this one participant revealed he had a pretty damning selection bias: https://xcancel.com/ruben_bloom/status/1943536052037390531
davely
Neutral mention · rule
The study that said devs were 19% less productive was flawed in a number of ways: small sample size, poorly chosen tasks, no prior training on AI tools. The science is by no means conclusive. A joint Harvard / MIT study found developers completed tasks up to 50% faster [0]! [0] https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.06590
NathanFulton
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> Have there been any good studies on programmer productivity? Yes, but mostly from the companies developing these products: * The CoPilot productivity study by Peng et al. that is summarized in a Blog post [1] with some additional details in the Arxiv preprint [2]. They find "developers who used GitHub Copilot completed the task significantly faster–55% faster than the developers who didn’t use GitHub Copilot". (Grep for "but speed is important, too" in [1].) * Amazon's Q1 earnings report [3] includes a paragraph stating that "participants [using] CodeWhisperer completed tasks 57% faster (on average) and were 27% more likely to complete them successfully than those who…
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didn’t use CodeWhisperer. * I seem to remember seeing something on Replit's blog a while back with a similar number, but can't find it anymore, so maybe I'm mistaken. These speed numbers are on specific and well-specified programming tasks, which is of course only one part of a developer's job, so there's a lot of opportunity for impactful research in this space. I suspect that the Empirical Software Engineering community will be awash in third-party empirical studies asking all sorts of more specific productivity questions by this time next year. [1] https://github.blog/2022-09-07-research-quantifying-github-c... [2] https://arxiv.org/pdf/2302.06590.pdf [3] https://s2.q4cdn.com/299287126/files/doc_financials/2023/q1/...

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