Long COVID: major findings, mechanisms and recommendations

due to COVID-19. 37% of the undergraduates exhibited impaired cognition up to 17 months post-infection. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S088915912... https://oem.bmj.com/content/81/9/471 33.6% of healthcare workers have symptoms meeting NICE criteria for long Covid. Only 7.6% have a formal diagnosis 20% of kids (ages 6-11) and 14% of teens have for long covid https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2822770 30% have long covid https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanwpc/article/PIIS2666-6... 36% had long covid https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.01.01.24319384v... There's a load of studies that something like 90% of people with long covid don't get better years later. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanepe/article/PIIS2666-7... https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-29513-z https://www.ijidonline.com/article/S1201-9712(23)00760-9/ful... https://www.bmj.com/content/381/bmj-2022-074425 https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpsy/article/PIIS2215-0... https://www.nature.com/articles/s43856-024-00657-x https://www.thelancet.com/journals/eclinm/article/PIIS2589-5... https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanam/article/PIIS2667-19... A common type of long covid is myalgic encephalomyelitis which is generally lifelong: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15699087/ Here's two reviews papers about long covid which both say that common long covid subtypes are generally lifelong https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-024-03173-6 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41579-022-00846-2

https://www.idsociety.org/covid-19-real-time-learning-networ... It is very much still a pandemic, if for some reason you do not believe that. Otherwise I have to assume you are rejecting the entire article because you do agree it's still a pandemic, but for some reason can't picture why long term effects of COVID may have a relationship to hospital presentations and complexity of cases.

Cowern. https://youtu.be/vydgkCCXbTA The associated severe dysautonomia means that people are unable to sit or stand and often they can not eat or digest. They may require intravenous nutrition. Regrettably there are cases where the disease has not been treated appropriately and young people have died as a result. A recent example is Maeve Boothby-O'Neill and her father Sean O'Neill wrote in The Times with an interview with Maeve's Mother by Dr David Tuller. https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/my-daughter-couldnt-be-sa... https://www.codastory.com/waronscience/chronic-fatigue-syndr...

documented, with many patients experiencing dozens of symptoms across multiple organ systems. Long COVID encompasses multiple adverse outcomes, with common new-onset conditions including cardiovascular, thrombotic and cerebrovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) and dysautonomia, especially postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS). Symptoms can last for years, and particularly in cases of new-onset ME/CFS and dysautonomia are expected to be lifelong. With significant proportions of individuals with long COVID unable to return to work, the scale of newly disabled individuals is contributing to labour shortages. There are currently no validated effective treatments." There's now a working definition of the symptoms that distinguish long COVID.[2] Imaging studies are matching up heart, lung, and brain damage with reported symptoms. It's becoming clearer what the damage is, and, over time, what heals and what doesn't. People can get COVID over and over, sometimes with cumulative damage. Immunity from both vaccines and infections is only 3-18 months. What is this going to look like in five years? And companies want to cram people into bullpens again. [1] https://www.nature.com/articles/s41579-022-00846-2 [2] https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2023-06-02/how-comm...

uniquely shows a reduction on the second day. Other key features are orthostatic intolerance with demonstration of reduction in cerebral blood flow in the majority on sitting/standing. Neurological symptoms including extreme sensitivity to light and sound explain her blindfold and ear protectors. Many have fluctuating cognitive slowing ("brain fog"). New insights into the metabolic derangements are being gained. Recently[1] evaluation of urine metabolomics demonstrated that healthy sedentary controls excrete many metabolites at 4 and 24 hours following an exercise challenge, while ME/CFS patients do not. Apart from the devastating effects on patients and the economic impacts of losing so many from the workforce[2], I believe that understanding the immune and metabolic derangements underlying this condition will lead to major insights across many health domains. [1] https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/4/3685 [2] https://www.nature.com/articles/s41579-022-00846-2