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Continuous control with deep reinforcement learning

Timothy P. Lillicrap, Jonathan J. Hunt, Alexander Pritzel

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Nicolas Heess, Tom Erez, Yuval Tassa, David Silver, Daan Wierstra

2015 · arXiv

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From the abstract

We adapt the ideas underlying the success of Deep Q-Learning to the continuous action domain. We present an actor-critic, model-free algorithm based on the deterministic policy gradient that can operate over continuous action spaces. Using the same learning algorithm, network architecture and hyper-parameters, our algorithm robustly solves more than 20 simulated physics tasks, including classic problems such as cartpole swing-up, dexterous manipulation, legged locomotion and car driving. Our algorithm is able to find policies whose performance is competitive with those found by a planning algorithm with full access to the dynamics of the domain and its derivatives. We further demonstrate that for many of the tasks the algorithm can learn policies end-to-end: directly from raw pixel inputs.

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4 selected excerpts · 4 total mentions

laquition
Neutral mention · rule
Stagnation is a known problem in reinforcement learning and similar methods. It's very easy to get stuck at a local maximum. My favorite fun example is https://gym.openai.com/envs/BipedalWalkerHardcore-v2/ where a standard DDPG(https://arxiv.org/abs/1509.02971) will get stuck at pits in the environment. Although it could get a higher score if it learned to jump, there is a penalty with falling in that makes it stabilize on standing still and running out the timer. Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DEGwhjEUFoI I suspect there is something similar going on with video/music recommendations. When a bad novel suggestion is made the penalty is likely too high to overcome (User immediately clicks off) with traditional reinforcement methods.
ogrisel
Neutral mention · rule
...and it's possible to train learning agents to sense and interact with a world described by high dimensional continuous vector spaces, for instance using conv nets (for sensing audio / video signals) and actor-critic to learn an continuous policy: http://arxiv.org/abs/1509.02971 The fact that the (reinforcement) learning problem is hard or not is not directly related to whether the observation and action spaces are discrete or continuous.
jpfr
Neutral mention · rule
Prototypical case of the 80/20 rule. He has implemented the happy case. But that system is nothing people realistically would want to drive their cars. What he did is impressive. But the results are not that outlandish for a talented person. 1) Hook up a computer to the CAN-Bus network of the car [1] and attach a bunch of sensor peripherals. 2) Drive around for some time and record everything to disk. 3) Implement some of the recent ideas from deep reinforcement learing [2,3]. For training, feed the system with the oberservations from test drives and reward actions that mimick the reactions of actual drivers. In 2k lines of code he probably does not have a car model that…
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can be used for path planning [4] (with tire slippage, etc.). So his system will make errors in emergency situations. Especially since the neural net has never experienced most emergencies and could not learn the appropriate reactions. And guess what, emergency situations are the hard part. Driving on a freeway with visible lane markings is easy. German research projects autonomously drove on the Autobahn since the 80s [5]. Neural networks were used for the task since about the same time [6]. [1] http://www.instructables.com/id/Hack-your-vehicle-CAN-BUS-wi... [2] http://arxiv.org/abs/1509.02971 [3] http://arxiv.org/abs/1504.00702 [4] http://www.rem2030.de/rem2030-wAssets/docs/downloads/07_Konf... [5] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eureka_Prometheus_Project [6] http://repository.cmu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2874&c...
mappingbabeljc
Neutral mention · rule
It's handy knowing they're fiddling with ROS, and the research papers show use of DNN&RL for robotics via simulated tasks with actions keying off of raw pixel inputs (paper: http://arxiv.org/pdf/1509.02971v1.pdf), and grasp paper shows ambitions on dexterous manipulation. I think valuable to have some idea of the research areas. I'm biased because I wrote the article, though! Aiming to produce a more granular article as soon as I can report it out.

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