Fully autonomous agents are marketing fluff right now, but there is like $10T of TAM from promoting most knowledge workers to a manager and automating the boring 80% of their work, and this doesn’t require this full autonomy. Karpathy’s definition of “agent” here is really AGI (probably somewhere between expert and virtuoso AGI https://arxiv.org/html/2311.02462v2). In my taxonomy you can have non-AGI short-task-timeframe agents. Eg in the METR evals, I think it’s meaningful to talk about agent tasks if you set the thing loose for 4-8h human-time tasks.
Levels of AGI for Operationalizing Progress on the Path to AGI
Meredith Ringel Morris, Jascha Sohl-Dickstein, Noah Fiedel
Show all 8 authors
Tris Warkentin, Allan Dafoe, Aleksandra Faust, Clement Farabet, Shane Legg
2023 · arXiv
- HN score
- 0
- Mentions
- 13
- Readers
- 8
- Months
- 8
From the abstract
We propose a framework for classifying the capabilities and behavior of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) models and their precursors. This framework introduces levels of AGI performance, generality, and autonomy, providing a common language to compare models, assess risks, and measure progress along the path to AGI. To develop our framework, we analyze existing definitions of AGI, and distill six principles that a useful ontology for AGI should satisfy. With these principles in mind, we propose "Levels of AGI" based on depth (performance) and breadth (generality) of capabilities, and reflect on how current systems fit into this ontology. We discuss the challenging requirements for future benchmarks that quantify the behavior and capabilities of AGI models against these levels. Finally, we discuss how these levels of AGI interact with deployment considerations such as autonomy and risk, and emphasize the importance of carefully selecting Human-AI Interaction paradigms for responsible and safe deployment of highly capable AI systems.
Metadata: arXiv. Abstracts retain their original authors’ rights.
In the conversation
Original HN comments, with labels from simple text rules. A label describes the whole comment and may miss context or irony. Read the discussion to make up your own mind. About the labels
13 selected excerpts · 13 total mentions
OpenAI: https://openai.com/index/how-should-ai-systems-behave/#citat... "By AGI, we mean highly autonomous systems that outperform humans at most economically valuable work." AWS: https://aws.amazon.com/what-is/artificial-general-intelligen... "Artificial general intelligence (AGI) is a field of theoretical AI research that attempts to create software with human-like intelligence and the ability to self-teach. The aim is for the software to be able to perform tasks that it is not necessarily trained or developed for." DeepMind: https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.02462 "Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) is an important and sometimes controversial concept in computing research,…
Read the full comment
used to describe an AI system that is at least as capable as a human at most tasks. [...] We argue that any definition of AGI should meet the following six criteria: We emphasize the importance of metacognition, and suggest that an AGI benchmark should include metacognitive tasks such as (1) the ability to learn new skills, (2) the ability to know when to ask for help, and (3) social metacognitive abilities such as those relating to theory of mind. The ability to learn new skills (Chollet, 2019) is essential to generality, since it is infeasible for a system to be optimized for all possible use cases a priori [...]" The key difference appears to be around self-teaching and meta-cognition. The OpenAI one shortcuts that by focusing on "outperform humans at most economically valuable work", but others make that ability to self-improve key to their definitions. Note that you said "AI that will perform on the level of average human in every task" - which disagrees very slightly with the OpenAI one (they went with "outperform humans at most economically valuable work"). If you read more of the DeepMind paper it mentions "this definition notably focuses on non-physical tasks", so their version of AGI does not incorporate full robotics.
The ability to extrapolate from facts. I don't think self awareness, emotions, or senses are required. You should give your definition too, so we can debate where computers fall short. See also: Levels of AGI for Operationalizing Progress on the Path to AGI (https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.02462)
The Wikipedia article on AGI explains it well enough. Researchers at Google have proposed a classification scheme with multiple levels of AGI. There are different opinions in the research community. https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.02462
> AGI would mean something which doesn't need direction or guidance to do anything There can be levels of AGI. Google DeepMind have proposed a framework that would classify ChatGPT as "Emerging AGI". ChatGPT can solve problems that it was not explicitly trained to solve, across a vast number of problem domains. https://arxiv.org/pdf/2311.02462 The paper is summarized here https://venturebeat.com/ai/here-is-how-far-we-are-to-achievi...
I'm curious about the framing of research like this.. "The poor performance of transformers on arithmetic tasks" (relative to what?) and how that informs the adjacent conversation on progress towards AGI. Some say AGI has already been achieved, others that it's years or decades away. When I dig into the disagreement, it often partially depends on the perspective of how competent humans are on the tasks in question, with the optimists being, I think, more realistic about variance in human intelligence and the pessimists seeming to reserve the term "general intelligence" for possessing a nearly perfect suite of capabilities that many otherwise intelligent people practically…
Read the full comment
don't have. For example with arithmetic, this study cites another [Dziri et al. 2023], that says: "For instance, humans can solve 3-digit by 3-digit multiplication arithmetic after learning basic calculation rules. Yet, off-the-shelf ChatGPT and GPT4 achieve only 55% and 59% accuracies on this task, respectively." But this isn't the case.. 5-6% of the population have https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyscalculia, but can be otherwise normal. I still see value in normative statements about human capability in AI & AGI research, but I think we'll need to move towards explicit statistical framing. DeepMind's Position paper "Levels of AGI for Operationalizing Progress on the Path to AGI" has a schema like this, where AGI capabilities are defined across 2 axes of Performance level X Generality (narrow vs general), and the Performance levels are measured by comparison with "Percentile of skilled adults" able to perform the task.. https://arxiv.org/pdf/2311.02462#page=3.40 Within that framing, this paper's title or result might be "Achieving AGI Competency in Arithmetic", or "Expertise", or "Virtuosity", i.e. on par respectively with 50th, 90th or 99th percentile of skilled adults.
What specific demonstrations of capability by AI would convince you that your proposed timeline for reaching AGI isn't correct, and that it will happen significantly sooner? If it helps to think about it, there's a good DeepMind paper on a relatively concrete scaling system on the path to AGI: https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.02462
What you're looking for is embodiment, and actually this was explicitly left aside in a recent paper that attempts to give measurement criteria for AGI[0]. But I agree with you that the entire lived sensation is critical to approaching any objective involving alignment. [0] https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.02462
No, it’s never going to be precise but it’s important to have a good rough definition. Can we just use Morris et al and move on with our lives? Position: Levels of AGI for Operationalizing Progress on the Path to AGI: https://arxiv.org/html/2311.02462v4 There are generational policy and societal shifts that need to be addressed somewhere around true Competent AGI (50% of knowledge work tasks automatable). Just like climate change, we need a shared lexicon to refer to this continuum. You can argue for different values of X but the crucial point is if X% of knowledge work is automated within a decade, then there are obvious risks we need to think about. So much of the…
Read the full comment
discourse is stuck at “we will never get to X=99” when we could agree to disagree on that and move on to considering the x=25 case. Or predict our timelines for X and then actually be held accountable for our falsifiable predictions, instead of the current vide based discussions.
Their multimodal models are a rudimentary form of AGI. EDIT: There can be levels of AGI. Google DeepMind have proposed a framework that would classify ChatGPT as "Emerging AGI". https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.02462
This seems to be so broad a definition as to no longer mean anything useful. People in general are interested in capabilities or economic impact, and GPT-2 cleared no notable thresholds in those regards. I prefer the exact opposite approach: let’s use a strict definition, and have levels to make it really explicit what we are talking about. Here is a good one: “Levels of AGI for Operationalizing Progress on the Path to AGI” https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.02462
I think the DeepMind taxonomy is good; recognize that AGI is too broad a term, so add levels to make it specific. https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.02462 “Competent AGI” (or a little earlier) would be my guess for where OpenAI would not hand it over to MS. Honestly if they displaced 10% of workers I think they might call that the threshold.
Paper from two weeks ago by Google DeepMind putting together a very good definition that I haven't seen anyone in the field disagree with yet: https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.02462
Keep following the thread.
More in PsychologyMore from the same topics.
Sparks of Artificial General Intelligence: Early experiments with GPT-4
Sébastien Bubeck, Varun Chandrasekaran, Ronen Eldan +11
Artificial intelligence (AI) researchers have been developing and refining large language models (LLMs) that exhibit remarkable capabilities across a variety of domains and tasks, challenging our understanding of learning and cognition.
Talent vs Luck: the role of randomness in success and failure
A. Pluchino. A. E. Biondo, A. Rapisarda
The largely dominant meritocratic paradigm of highly competitive Western cultures is rooted on the belief that success is due mainly, if not exclusively, to personal qualities such as talent, intelligence, skills, efforts or risk taking.
Categorizing Variants of Goodhart's Law
David Manheim, Scott Garrabrant
There are several distinct failure modes for overoptimization of systems on the basis of metrics.
Generative Agents: Interactive Simulacra of Human Behavior
Joon Sung Park, Joseph C. O'Brien, Carrie J. Cai +3
Believable proxies of human behavior can empower interactive applications ranging from immersive environments to rehearsal spaces for interpersonal communication to prototyping tools.