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Locally Typical Sampling

Clara Meister, Tiago Pimentel, Gian Wiher, Ryan Cotterell

2022 · arXiv

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From the abstract

Today's probabilistic language generators fall short when it comes to producing coherent and fluent text despite the fact that the underlying models perform well under standard metrics, e.g., perplexity. This discrepancy has puzzled the language generation community for the last few years. In this work, we posit that the abstraction of natural language generation as a discrete stochastic process--which allows for an information-theoretic analysis--can provide new insights into the behavior of probabilistic language generators, e.g., why high-probability texts can be dull or repetitive. Humans use language as a means of communicating information, aiming to do so in a simultaneously efficient and error-minimizing manner; in fact, psycholinguistics research suggests humans choose each word in a string with this subconscious goal in mind. We formally define the set of strings that meet this criterion: those for which each word has an information content close to the expected information content, i.e., the conditional entropy of our model. We then propose a simple and efficient procedure for enforcing this criterion when generating from probabilistic models, which we call locally typical sampling. Automatic and human evaluations show that, in comparison to nucleus and top-k sampling, locally typical sampling offers competitive performance (in both abstractive summarization and story generation) in terms of quality while consistently reducing degenerate repetitions.

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3 selected excerpts · 3 total mentions

Der_Einzige
Neutral mention · rule
Too much money being thrown around on BS in the LLM space, hardly any of it is going to places where it matters. Ignorance on the part of investors. For example, the researchers working hard on better text sampling techniques (i.e. https://arxiv.org/abs/2202.00666), or on better constraint techniques (i.e. like this https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.03081), or on actual negative prompting/CFG in LLMs (i.e. like this https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/issues/24536) are doing far FAR more to advance the state of AI than dozens of VC backed LLM companies operating today. They are all laboring in relative obscurity. HN, and the NLP community have some serious blindspots with knowing how to exploit their own technology. At least someone at Andreessen Horowitz got a clue and gave some funding to Oogabooga - still waiting for Automatic1111 to get any funding.
PartiallyTyped
Neutral mention · rule
> That's called beam search. There are other decoding approaches, other than beam search: https://arxiv.org/abs/2202.00666 > Other than that, things like gpt can't go back and edit what they've outputted Actually, they can, they may emit a backspace token [1] [1] https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.05426, https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36425375
impossiblefork
Neutral mention · rule
Things like that probably require some kind of thinking ahead, which models of things kind kind of can't do-- something like beam search. Language models that utilise beam search can calculate integrals ('Deep learning for symbolic mathematics', Lample, Charton, 2019, https://openreview.net/forum?id=S1eZYeHFDS), but without it it doesn't work. However, beam search makes bad language models. I got linked this paper ('Locally typical sampling' https://arxiv.org/pdf/2202.00666.pdf) when I asked some people why beam search only works for the kind of stuff above. I haven't fully digested it though.

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