P. J. Landin
1965 · Communications of the ACM
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It was discovered that the procedure mechanism of Algol 60 was effectively equivalent to the lambda calulus. This insight was written out in a famous paper by Peter Landin, "Correspondence between ALGOL 60 and Church's Lambda-notation: part I" https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/363744.363749
A direct reference to program closures in relation to 'abstract object languages' can be found on page 92 of Landin (1965)[1]. 1: https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/363744.363749
Algol 60 had lexical scoping in 1960 (while Lisp was in development) and this was known to be equivalent to the lambda calculus by the folks working on it by 1965 or so - https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/363744.363749 I think the consensus is that Scheme was the first Lisp to fully embrace lexical scope, in 1975? [edited for clarity and punctuation]
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